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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Genetic polymorphisms in sepsis.

Allen Namath1, Andrew J Patterson

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in genetic sequencing and large databases may revolutionize sepsis research. Future strategies will likely involve analyzing numerous genetic polymorphisms or stratifying sepsis into subtypes for targeted treatments and prevention.

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A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
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A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis

Published on: February 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
07:42

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis

Published on: February 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Bioinformatics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The role of genetic polymorphisms in sepsis is increasingly recognized.
  • Technological advancements in genetic sequencing and expression analysis are enabling large-scale data generation.
  • International databases are emerging to link genotypic and phenotypic data in sepsis patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore two potential strategies for investigating genetic polymorphisms in sepsis.
  • To discuss the essential elements required for advancing sepsis research through genetic analysis.
  • To project the potential impact of technological and informatics advancements on sepsis management.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluating numerous polymorphisms using high-throughput genetic techniques, considering nongenetic variables as cofactors.
  • Dividing sepsis into subtypes based on specific variables like polymorphisms, pathogen characteristics, and host factors.
  • Leveraging international databases for synchronizing genotypic and phenotypic data from large septic patient cohorts.

Main Results:

  • The study proposes two main strategies: viewing sepsis as a single entity with numerous polymorphisms or stratifying sepsis into homogenous subgroups.
  • Success of these strategies hinges on detailed databases, improved clinical information technology for phenotyping, and standardized protocols.
  • Technological and informatics advancements may shift sepsis management from uniform treatment to rapid stratification and targeted interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Future sepsis research may pivot towards personalized medicine, driven by genetic insights and advanced data analysis.
  • The potential exists to shift focus from treatment to prevention for high-risk individuals, leading to significant healthcare cost savings.
  • Paradigm shifts in sepsis management are anticipated, moving towards subcategorization and targeted therapies.