Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

Physiology of Urine Formation

Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changes in Uropathogen Distribution in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic Timeline.

International urogynecology journal·2026
Same author

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Bladder Wall Thickness for the Diagnosis of Detrusor Overactivity in Women.

International urogynecology journal·2026
Same author

How Can We Improve the Assessment and Indifferent Outcomes From Pelvic Organ Prolapse Management From Conservative and Surgical Therapies? ICI-RS 2025.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2026
Same author

Joint hypermobility syndrome for the urogynaecologist - A narrative review.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·2026
Same author

What Evidence Do We Need From Objective and Subjective Outcomes in Order to Recommend Specific Operative Procedures for Men to Relieve BPO and Women With SUI? ICI-RS 2025.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2025
Same author

Is There Adequate Evidence for Intracellular Bacteria Being a Significant Cause of rUTIs and Thereby Justifying Targeted Treatments Such as Bladder Fulguration or Intravesical Therapies? ICI-RS 2025.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2025
Same journal

Untangling the anterolateral periprostatic neurovasculature and its implications for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

The role of CFTR in spermatogenesis and sperm quality.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

Urolithiasis in patients with cancer.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

What is new in the updated National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) fertility problems guideline 2026?

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

Animal models of spinal cord injury in neuro-urological research.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

Combination therapy for acute Peyronie' s disease: a success story of translation from bench to bedside.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Novel biomarkers for overactive bladder.

Rufus Cartwright1, Iram Afshan, Alexandros Derpapas

  • 1Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.

Nature Reviews. Urology
|February 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring noninvasive biomarkers for overactive bladder (OAB) diagnosis. Current genetic, imaging, and urinary markers show promise but require further validation for clinical use.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) diagnosis traditionally relies on urodynamics.
  • There is a need for reliable, noninvasive diagnostic alternatives to urodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging biomarkers for overactive bladder (OAB).
  • To assess the potential of genetic, imaging, and urinary factors as OAB biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on OAB biomarkers.
  • Analysis of urinary cytokines (prostaglandin E2, nerve growth factor).
  • Evaluation of imaging techniques (ultrasonography for bladder wall thickness).
  • Assessment of genetic factors (CYP2D6 polymorphisms, genome-wide association studies).

Main Results:

  • Urinary cytokines correlate with OAB symptom severity but lack independent prognostic value.
  • Ultrasonographic estimation of bladder wall thickness requires further standardization.
  • Genetic factors contribute to OAB risk, but specific susceptibility genes are yet to be definitively identified.

Conclusions:

  • Current putative biomarkers for OAB show correlation with symptom severity.
  • Further research is essential to validate prognostic value and clinical utility of these biomarkers.
  • Genome-wide association studies are expected to identify novel OAB susceptibility genes.