Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Gain01:15

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Physics-informed neural Volterra compensation enabling over 2600× efficiency improvement in 12,057-km ultra-long-haul coherent transmission.

Communications engineering·2026
Same author

Low-complexity non-integer fractionally spaced feed-forward equalization with half-symbol-spaced kernel estimation for 100-GBaud/λ PAM-4 transmission.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Integrating fixed and mobile coherent optical access networks for unified broadband services.

Communications engineering·2026
Same author

On the coexistence of distributed fiber optic sensing and IM/DD transmission via digital subcarrier multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Interconnected counter-propagating recirculating loops with high-loss loop back path for long-haul integrated sensing and communication in-lab emulation.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Co-transmission of radio frequency reference and data signal over multi-core fiber.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

E2E-OCT: end-to-end joint learning model using optical coherence tomography images for vocal cord leukoplakia diagnosis.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Holographic generation of panoramic 3D scenes by concave ellipsoidal mirror reflection.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Dual-pilot phase recovery with pair-wise maximum-ratio combining for coherent PONs.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Mapping the whispering gallery modes of a CaF<sub>2</sub> disk resonator with half-tapered fibers to estimate the fundamental mode volume.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Quantitative estimation of deep-subwavelength scale via dark-field scattering axial energy concentration decay profiles.

Optics letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Equalization-enhanced phase noise induced timing jitter.

Keang-Po Ho1, Alan Pak Tao Lau, William Shieh

  • 1SiBEAM Technologies, Sunnyvale, California 94085, USA. kpho@ieee.org

Optics Letters
|February 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) in optical systems causes timing jitter. This jitter impacts high-speed signals, reaching 20% of the symbol interval for 100 Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift keying signals over 1500 km.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Optical communication systems
  • Digital signal processing
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Digital equalization in optical systems combats chromatic dispersion.
  • Local oscillator phase noise is a critical factor in signal quality.
  • Equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) arises from the interaction between equalization and phase noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of EEPN on signal integrity in high-speed optical communication.
  • To quantify the timing jitter induced by EEPN in digital signal processing.
  • To analyze the relationship between laser linewidth, transmission distance, and timing jitter.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated a 100 Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift keying (QPSK) optical communication system.
  • Modeled the interaction between digital chromatic dispersion equalization and local oscillator phase noise.
  • Calculated the resulting EEPN and induced timing jitter.

Main Results:

  • EEPN was identified as a significant source of timing jitter.
  • For a 100 Gbit/s QPSK signal with a 300 kHz laser linewidth, timing jitter reached up to 20% of the symbol interval.
  • This jitter occurred over a transmission distance of 1500 km.

Conclusions:

  • EEPN poses a substantial challenge to high-speed optical communication systems.
  • Timing jitter induced by EEPN can limit achievable transmission distances and data rates.
  • Mitigation strategies for EEPN are crucial for future optical network performance.