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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
Transcription01:17

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Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Published on: July 29, 2019

Mitochondrial transcription: how does it end?

James Byrnes1, Miguel Garcia-Diaz

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, NY, USA.

Transcription
|February 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The structure of mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1 (MTERF1) reveals how it binds DNA and terminates transcription. This finding offers a framework for understanding mitochondrial DNA diseases.

Keywords:
MTERFPOLRMTbase-flippinggene expressionmitochondriamitochondrial transcription terminationpolarity

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial transcription termination is crucial for regulating gene expression.
  • Mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1 (MTERF1) is a key protein in this process.
  • Understanding MTERF1's mechanism is vital for comprehending mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular structure of MTERF1.
  • To understand the mechanism of MTERF1's binding to mitochondrial DNA termination sequences.
  • To investigate the conformational changes MTERF1 undergoes during transcription termination.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography or Cryo-EM to determine MTERF1 structure.
  • Biochemical assays to study DNA binding and termination.
  • Mutagenesis studies to identify key residues involved in function.

Main Results:

  • The determined structure of MTERF1 reveals its unique architecture.
  • Novel insights into how MTERF1 recognizes and binds specific termination sequences in mtDNA.
  • Identification of conformational changes essential for mediating transcription termination.

Conclusions:

  • The MTERF1 structure provides a detailed mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial transcription termination.
  • This structural framework is crucial for investigating the impact of mtDNA mutations on MTERF1 function.
  • The findings pave the way for understanding diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.