Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
Published on: January 27, 2018
Dystonias of the head and neck: An overview
Steven J Charous1, Cynthia Comella
1Department of Otolaryngology, Loyola University Medical Center, 3633 West Lake Ave., Suite 300, Glenview IL 60026, USA. scharous@comcast.net
Abstract:
Dystonias are a group of disorders characterized by muscle contractions that can produce twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonias of the head and neck region, except for spasmodic dysphonia, are rarely described in the otolaryngology literature. Ironically, it is the otolaryngologic surgeon's knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the head and neck that can be of greatest benefit for patients suffering from these disorders. Medical and surgical treatment options are available in treating this disorder. This article is intended to serve as an introduction and overview of dystonias for the otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon.
Related Concept Videos
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll
Muscles that Move the Head
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Arteries of the Head and Neck
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
