Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2026
12:12
Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
Published on: February 14, 2017
Double-orifice mitral valve - echocardiographic findings
Anna Wójcik1, Anna Klisiewicz, Piotr Szymański
1Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland. a.wojcik@ikard.pl
Kardiologia Polska
|February 19, 2011
Summary
Double-orifice mitral valve (DOMV), a rare congenital heart defect, was studied using echocardiography. Transthoracic echocardiography is effective for diagnosing DOMV and its types, with an incidence of 0.01%.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Double-orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare congenital anomaly.
- Characterized by two distinct orifices in the mitral valve area.
- Each orifice has independent chordal attachments to the papillary muscle.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the echocardiographic features of DOMV.
- To establish the incidence of DOMV in a tertiary referral center.
- To evaluate the diagnostic utility of echocardiography for DOMV.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 215,193 echocardiographic studies (1993-2006).
- Analysis of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) from nine DOMV patients.
- Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) used in select cases.
Main Results:
- Six patients had complete bridge type DOMV, two had duplicate mitral valve, one had hole type.
- All cases presented with mild to moderate mitral regurgitation.
- Moderate to severe mitral stenosis occurred in five patients, associated with bridge type DOMV.
- Four patients had associated ostium primum atrial septal defects.
- TTE was sufficient in seven cases; TEE was essential in two.
Conclusions:
- Transthoracic echocardiography is a reliable method for diagnosing DOMV and its subtypes.
- DOMV can cause symptomatic mitral valve disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
- The estimated incidence of DOMV in this adult tertiary referral echocardiographic laboratory is 0.01%.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
01:23Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
01:22Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
01:22Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...