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Related Concept Videos

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues
09:27

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Published on: February 17, 2017

Trehalose: current use and future applications.

Satoshi Ohtake1, Y John Wang

  • 1Aridis Pharmaceuticals, San Jose, California 95138, USA. ohtakes@aridispharma.com

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, preserves biological molecules and is used in therapeutics, food, and cosmetics. Further research into its diverse applications could expand its use in everyday products.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Carbohydrate Chemistry

Background:

  • Trehalose is a glucose disaccharide found in organisms exhibiting anhydrobiosis.
  • Its unique properties enable the stabilization and preservation of diverse biomolecules.
  • Trehalose is already incorporated into various commercial therapeutic, food, and cosmetic products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted properties and applications of trehalose.
  • To highlight the growing interest in trehalose for novel formulations, particularly solid dosage forms.
  • To explore the potential for increased utilization of trehalose across industries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of trehalose properties and applications.
  • Analysis of trehalose's role in biological systems and commercial products.
  • Examination of current research trends and industrial utilization.

Main Results:

  • Trehalose demonstrates significant capabilities in protecting biological molecules.
  • It is utilized in approved therapeutic products like Herceptin® and Advate®.
  • Emerging applications include quick-dissolving tablets, food, and cosmetic formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Trehalose is a versatile stabilizer with broad applicability.
  • Its use in solid dosage forms is a key area of current development.
  • Inter-industry understanding and collaboration could drive wider adoption of trehalose-based products.