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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

The Micturition Reflex

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse

Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse

Published on: November 2, 2017

Urethral and bladder injections for incontinence including botox.

Rodney A Appell¹

¹Division of Voiding Dysfunction and Female Urology, Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite #2100, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

The Urologic Clinics of North America

|March 1, 2011

Summary

Injectable treatments for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge incontinence (UI) offer effective and safe office-based surgical options. These procedures provide an alternative to traditional surgeries, enhancing patient convenience and accessibility.

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Mouse Bladder Wall Injection

Mouse Bladder Wall Injection

Published on: July 12, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse

Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse

Published on: November 2, 2017

Mouse Bladder Wall Injection

Mouse Bladder Wall Injection

Published on: July 12, 2011

Area of Science:

Urology
Gynecology
Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge incontinence (UI) significantly impact women's health.
Current surgical options for UI often require general or regional anesthesia and operating room settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate ambulatory, office-based procedures for UI management.
To evaluate injectable treatments as a minimally invasive option for SUI and UI.

Main Methods:

Focus on injectable treatments suitable for an office setting.
Comparison of injectable treatments with existing surgical procedures for UI.

Main Results:

Injectable treatments demonstrate comparable efficacy and safety to current procedures.
Office-based procedures eliminate the need for general or regional anesthesia.

Conclusions:

Injectable treatments are a viable, convenient option for managing SUI and UI.
Ambulatory surgical management of UI is feasible and effective with injectable therapies.