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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

[Disaccharide intolerance].

Nedeljko Radlović

    Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo
    |March 4, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Disaccharide intolerance, often due to enzyme deficits, causes digestive issues like diarrhea or bloating. Diagnosis involves overload tests or genetic analysis, with treatment focusing on elimination diets.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology and Human Metabolism

    Context:

    • Disaccharide intolerance is a complex condition arising from primary or secondary enzyme deficiencies.
    • It can also result from absorption disorders or issues with monomer metabolism.

    Purpose:

    • To elucidate the heterogeneous nature of disaccharide intolerance.
    • To describe its varied clinical presentations based on age and severity.
    • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

    Summary:

    • Clinical symptoms range from osmotic-fermentative diarrhea in infants to abdominal colic and bloating in older individuals.
    • Metabolic forms manifest as hypoglycemic crises and multisystemic damage.
    • Diagnosis relies on overload tests for gastrointestinal forms and enzyme/genetic defect confirmation for metabolic types.

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    Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci
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    Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci

    Published on: May 19, 2009

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    Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

    Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
    10:27

    Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

    Published on: December 15, 2011

    Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci
    12:57

    Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci

    Published on: May 19, 2009

    Impact:

    • Highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective management.
    • Emphasizes the role of elimination diets in treating disaccharide intolerance.
    • Underscores the need to address underlying conditions in secondary forms.