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Caspases

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.

Enzymes

Enzymes

Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion. The...

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that bind the substrates and convert them into products. Many enzymes also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis

The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis

Published on: March 17, 2010

Enzyme analysis : cathepsin d as an example.

¹Department of Pathology, The Bowman Gray Medical School, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|March 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) enables sensitive enzyme analysis by measuring catalytic activity. This technique allows for precise quantification of enzymes using minimal reagents and offers easy separation of products from substrates.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Enzyme Assays

Background:

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation technique.
Enzyme analysis is crucial in various scientific fields.
CE offers advantages for enzyme quantification, including microvolume reagent use and product-substrate separation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for enzyme analysis.
To highlight the methods for measuring enzyme mass and catalytic activity using CE.
To emphasize the sensitivity benefits of CE for enzyme quantification.

Main Methods:

Enzymes measured by direct light absorbency (mass) or by catalytic activity.
Demonstration of protease enzyme (savinase) determination via absorbency.
Measurement of substrate and/or product in CE for catalytic activity assays without coupling reactions.

Main Results:

CE allows for direct measurement of enzyme mass via light absorbency.
CE enables sensitive enzyme quantification through catalytic activity measurements.
Various approaches exist for enzyme activity determination using CE.

Conclusions:

Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile tool for enzyme analysis.
Measuring enzyme catalytic activity in CE offers enhanced sensitivity.
CE facilitates efficient enzyme quantification with minimal reagent consumption.