Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization Using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
Published on: December 22, 2023
Percutaneous retrograde endovascular occlusion for pediatric varicocele
Fawaz Fayad1, Nicolas Sellier, Maud Chabaud
1Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Saint-Camille, Bry sur Marne, France.
Insights
Percutaneous retrograde endovascular occlusion (PREVO) is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric varicocele. This minimally invasive procedure achieved a 93% varicocele-free rate in boys, often under local anesthesia.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Vascular Surgery
- Minimally Invasive Procedures
Background:
- Varicocele affects pediatric patients, potentially impacting fertility.
- Surgical interventions are common, but minimally invasive options are sought.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous retrograde endovascular occlusion (PREVO) for pediatric varicocele.
- To assess PREVO's success rate and complication profile in children.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 71 pediatric patients with left-sided varicocele.
- PREVO procedure performed, with ultrasonography assessing varicocele-free status at 6 months.
Main Results:
- PREVO was technically feasible in 96% of cases.
- A 93% varicocele-free rate was observed at 6 months post-procedure.
- Minor complications occurred in 6 patients, with no major adverse events.
Conclusions:
- Percutaneous retrograde endovascular occlusion is an effective and safe treatment for pediatric varicocele.
- The procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis, often under local anesthesia.
Background/Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess whether percutaneous retrograde endovascular occlusion (PREVO) is effective and safe for the treatment of varicocele in pediatric patients.
Methods:
We retrospectively studied 71 children who underwent PREVO for left-sided varicocele. The primary outcome was the proportion of varicocele-free patients 6 months after PREVO as assessed by ultrasonography.
Results:
Seventy-one boys with left-sided grade III varicocele underwent PREVO at a mean age of 13.2 years. PREVO was performed under local anesthesia in all boys but 2, who required general anesthesia. The procedure was technically feasible in 68 (96%) patients. In the remaining 3 patients, the internal spermatic vein could not be catheterized. Minor short-term complications occurred in 6 patients and resolved fully. No major complications or deaths were recorded. The proportion of varicocele-free patients 6 months after PREVO was 93% (66/71) overall and 97% (66/68) in the patients whose PREVO procedure was feasible. No clinical recurrence was observed during the mean follow-up of 17.5 months.
Conclusions:
Percutaneous retrograde endovascular occlusion is an effective minimally invasive approach for varicocele treatment in pediatric patients. It can be safely performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia.
Related Concept Videos
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

