Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
12:23
Analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica Effector Translocation into Host Cells Using Beta-lactamase Effector Fusions
Published on: October 13, 2015
[Enteropathogenic Yersinia and host cytokine system].
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
|March 9, 2011
Summary
This review examines how Yersinia virulence factors interact with host immune cells. It details the cytokine response in innate and adaptive immunity during infection, noting limited human data.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are important bacterial pathogens.
- Virulence factors are key to Yersinia's ability to cause disease.
- Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current data on the interaction between Yersinia virulence factors and host immune cells.
- To characterize the cytokine response of innate and adaptive immunity during Yersinia infections.
- To highlight gaps in knowledge regarding cytokine production in human yersiniosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on Yersinia virulence factors.
- Analysis of data on cytokine production in vitro and in experimental models.
- Compilation of available information on cytokine profiles in patients with yersiniosis.
Main Results:
- Yersinia virulence factors modulate host immune cell responses.
- Innate and adaptive immune systems mount a cytokine response to Yersinia infection.
- Data on cytokine production in human yersiniosis cases are limited.
Conclusions:
- Yersinia manipulates host immunity through its virulence factors.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the cytokine dynamics in human yersiniosis.
- A comprehensive understanding of these interactions can inform therapeutic strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Plague
Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...
01:20Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence
Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
01:25Colonisation of Pathogens
Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
01:28Regulation of Bacterial Virulence
Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
01:26Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...