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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Overview of Systemic Veins01:11

Overview of Systemic Veins

Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
The coronary sinus, the heart's principal vein, resides in the coronary sulcus on the heart's posterior aspect. This broad venous channel receives nearly all venous blood from the myocardium, the heart muscle. It is fed by three primary veins: the great cardiac vein, the middle...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Systemic vasculitis.

Poonam Sharma1, Sanjeev Sharma, Richard Baltaro

  • 1Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.

American Family Physician
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic vasculitides involve blood vessel inflammation, presenting diagnostic challenges. Treatment strategies vary, with glucocorticoids as primary therapy, but carry risks like infection and steroid toxicity.

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Rapid Whole-Mount High-Resolution Imaging of Small Animal Vasculature for Quantitative Studies
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Rapid Whole-Mount High-Resolution Imaging of Small Animal Vasculature for Quantitative Studies

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Systemic vasculitides are inflammatory conditions affecting blood vessel walls across various organs.
  • The diverse nature of vasculitis complicates diagnosis, necessitating standardized classification systems.
  • Established criteria include the American College of Rheumatology classification and Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of systemic vasculitides.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and classification methods.
  • To outline current and emerging treatment strategies and associated toxicities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on systemic vasculitides.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and classification systems (e.g., Chapel Hill Consensus Conference).
  • Analysis of treatment modalities, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and novel therapies.

Main Results:

  • The Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature categorizes 10 primary vasculitides by vessel size.
  • Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody testing aids in diagnosing small vessel vasculitides.
  • Treatment decisions are guided by clinical presentation and organ involvement, with glucocorticoids as a mainstay.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of vasculitis relies on clinical presentation, supported by laboratory, imaging, and histological findings.
  • Management involves balancing therapeutic efficacy with significant treatment-related toxicities, such as infections and steroid side effects.
  • Prophylaxis with Vitamin D and calcium is recommended for patients on long-term steroid therapy.