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Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Trichrome vitiligo in segmental type.

Dong-Youn Lee1, Cho-Rok Kim, Joo-Heung Lee

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. dylee@skku.edu

Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trichrome vitiligo, an intermediate hypopigmentation zone, typically appears in non-segmental vitiligo. This study found trichrome vitiligo in segmental vitiligo lesions resistant to phototherapy and systemic steroids.

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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Vitiligo Research

Background:

  • Trichrome vitiligo is characterized by a distinct three-zone appearance: a central depigmented area, an intermediate hypopigmented zone, and normally pigmented skin.
  • Previously, trichrome vitiligo has been predominantly described in the context of non-segmental vitiligo.
  • Understanding the clinical behavior of different vitiligo subtypes is crucial for effective patient management.

Observation:

  • This report details two cases of segmental vitiligo exhibiting the trichrome pattern.
  • These specific cases demonstrated a notable lack of response to standard treatment modalities.
  • Treatments administered included phototherapy and systemic corticosteroids, both common interventions for vitiligo.

Findings:

  • The observed trichrome vitiligo in these segmental vitiligo cases was resistant to both phototherapy and systemic steroid treatment.
  • This suggests that trichrome vitiligo, when occurring in a segmental distribution, may represent a more aggressive or distinct disease phenotype.
  • The intermediate hypopigmented zone in segmental vitiligo might indicate ongoing disease activity.

Implications:

  • Trichrome vitiligo in segmental vitiligo may signify an active disease state that is refractory to conventional therapies.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the specific mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in this subtype.
  • These findings could influence future treatment strategies and prognostic assessments for patients with segmental vitiligo and trichrome lesions.