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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells
09:03

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Published on: November 23, 2014

[Antiangiogenic pathways in the future].

Y Neuzillet1, C Delbado

  • 1Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92151 Suresnes, France. yann.neuzillet@gmail.com

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted cancer therapies face challenges as inhibiting VEGF can activate alternative pathways. Future treatments must target these alternative routes, like CXCR4/SDF1, for effective metastasis control.

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Preparation Of Neovascular Tissues from Human Glioma Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Tumor Angiogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • Metastasis involves complex cellular processes including proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.
  • The Raf-MEK-ERK pathway regulates cell proliferation, while VEGF and collagenases facilitate migration and angiogenesis.
  • Extracellular matrix digestion and chemokine gradients (SDF1/CXCR4) are crucial for metastatic progression and implantation.

Purpose:

  • To outline the multi-step metastatic cascade and the molecular players involved.
  • To highlight the limitations of current anti-angiogenic therapies targeting VEGF.
  • To propose the integration of alternative pathways, like CXCR4/SDF1, into future targeted therapies.

Summary:

  • The metastatic cascade is a multi-step process involving cell proliferation (Raf-MEK-ERK), migration/angiogenesis (VEGF, collagenases), and extravasation/implantation (SDF1/CXCR4).
  • Current anti-VEGF therapies can lead to compensatory activation of alternative pro-metastatic pathways, limiting their efficacy.
  • Future therapeutic strategies should incorporate targeting these alternative pathways, such as the SDF1/CXCR4 axis, to overcome treatment resistance.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of metastatic mechanisms for researchers and clinicians.
  • Identifies critical pathways that can be targeted for novel anti-metastatic drug development.
  • Suggests a paradigm shift towards combination therapies targeting multiple pathways for improved cancer treatment outcomes.