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Related Concept Videos

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Surface bubble nucleation stability.

James R T Seddon1, E Stefan Kooij, Bene Poelsema

  • 1Physics of Fluids, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. j.r.t.seddon@utwente.nl

Physical Review Letters
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface nanobubbles form in a specific gas concentration range (100%-110%) on hydrophobized silicon, independent of supersaturation. Other gaseous domains, like micropancakes, appear outside this specific nanobubble region.

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Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests
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Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Published on: August 30, 2019

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Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests
07:57

Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Published on: August 30, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Conflicting research exists on nanoscopic gas nucleation on submerged surfaces.
  • Understanding surface nanobubble formation is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate surface nanobubble occurrence under controlled conditions.
  • To determine the influence of liquid temperature and gas concentration on nanobubble formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hydrophobized silicon substrate.
  • Independently controlled liquid temperature and gas concentration.
  • Systematically investigated nanobubble formation across a parameter space.

Main Results:

  • Surface nanobubbles were observed within a specific gas concentration range (100%-110%).
  • No gaseous formations were detected below this concentration range.
  • Micropancakes (gaseous domains) formed at higher temperatures and gas concentrations.
  • Supersaturation of dissolved gases is not required for bubble nucleation.

Conclusions:

  • Nanobubble formation is confined to a distinct parameter space.
  • Gas concentration is a critical factor, not necessarily supersaturation.
  • Different gaseous domains (nanobubbles, micropancakes) form under varying conditions.