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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Fast tunable coupler for superconducting qubits.

R C Bialczak1, M Ansmann, M Hofheinz

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a tunable coupling circuit for scalable quantum computing. This modular design enables long-distance superconducting qubit connections, crucial for building larger quantum processors.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Superconducting Circuits
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Scalable qubit coupling architectures are a significant challenge in quantum computing.
  • Existing methods often limit qubit connectivity and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel tunable coupling circuit for long-distance superconducting qubit connections.
  • To enable flexible and modular integration within quantum computing architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a self-contained, physically separate tunable coupling circuit.
  • Characterization of interqubit coupling strength tunability over nanosecond timescales.
  • Measurement of the coupler's on/off ratio.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated arbitrary tuning of interqubit coupling strength on nanosecond timescales.
  • Achieved a measured on/off ratio of 1000 for the coupler.
  • The modular design allows connection of various quantum elements over large distances.

Conclusions:

  • The novel tunable coupling circuit offers a flexible solution for scalable quantum computing.
  • This modular approach facilitates long-distance connectivity beyond nearest-neighbor interactions.
  • The design is a promising component for future large-scale quantum processors.