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Related Concept Videos

Community Based Intervention01:30

Community Based Intervention

Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Group Design02:01

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

Effect of a school-based intervention on physical activity: cluster-randomized trial.

Nancy Jennings Aburto1, Janet E Fulton, Margarita Safdie

  • 1Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A school-based environmental intervention significantly increased physical activity in Mexico City primary students. The study demonstrated improvements in daily steps and fitness, highlighting the effectiveness of school programs for child health.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Health
  • Environmental Interventions

Background:

  • Childhood physical activity is crucial for health, yet many children globally, including in Mexico, are insufficiently active.
  • Low physical activity levels in children are linked to numerous negative health outcomes.
  • Public schools in Mexico City present a key setting for interventions to promote physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a school-based environmental intervention on physical activity and fitness in primary school students.
  • To assess changes in step counts and physical fitness metrics following the intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 27 public primary schools in Mexico City.
  • Schools were assigned to a basic intervention, a plus intervention, or a control group.
  • Physical activity (school-day and all-day steps) and fitness (9-min run, flexibility, sit-ups) were measured in 699 students before and after a 6-month intervention using pedometers and fitness tests.

Main Results:

  • The 'plus' intervention group showed a significant increase in school-day steps compared to the control group.
  • A higher percentage of students in both 'basic' and 'plus' intervention groups met recommended step cutoffs during school hours.
  • The 'basic' group demonstrated a significant increase in all-day steps, and the 'plus' group showed a significant improvement in sit-ups.

Conclusions:

  • School-based environmental interventions can effectively enhance physical activity levels among students in urban public school settings.
  • The findings support the implementation of policy and environmental changes within schools to promote healthier lifestyles in children.
  • Targeted interventions in schools are a viable strategy to combat physical inactivity in childhood.