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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Rapid one-pot, four-step synthesis of highly fluorescent 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazoles
Benjamin Willy1, Thomas J J Müller
1Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Abstract:
1,3,4,5-Tetrasubstituted pyrazoles can be rapidly and efficiently synthesized in a one-pot, four-step sequence consisting of Sonogashira coupling, addition-cyclocondensation, bromination, and Suzuki coupling. The second and the last step are microwave-assisted, and according to sequential catalysis, no addition of further Pd catalyst is needed for the terminal step. The title compounds show intense blue fluorescence and high quantum yields.

