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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder
05:52

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

Published on: November 17, 2023

Shoulder pain.

Richard J Murphy1, Andrew J Carr

  • 1University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates various treatments for shoulder pain, a common ailment. It found evidence for numerous interventions, including medications, injections, and physiotherapy, to manage rotator cuff issues and other shoulder conditions.

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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder
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Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

Published on: November 17, 2023

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pain Management
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Shoulder pain affects 4-26% of the population, with rotator cuff pathology being the most common cause.
  • Diverse etiologies include glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and cervical spine issues.
  • Approximately 1% of UK adults over 45 consult their GP annually for new shoulder pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of various treatments for shoulder pain.
  • To answer clinical questions regarding oral, topical, injectable, non-drug, and surgical interventions.
  • To synthesize evidence from high-quality studies and clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 71 studies including systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to August 2009.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA) and performed GRADE evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated a wide range of interventions for shoulder pain.
  • Included treatments such as acupuncture, corticosteroid injections, physiotherapy, and rotator cuff repair.
  • Assessed evidence quality using the GRADE system.

Conclusions:

  • Information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous shoulder pain interventions is presented.
  • Covers pharmacological (NSAIDs, opioids), procedural (injections, surgery), and physical therapies.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview for managing diverse shoulder pain etiologies.