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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.

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Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
08:05

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

Polycomb repressive complex 2 controls the embryo-to-seedling phase transition.

Daniel Bouyer1, Francois Roudier, Maren Heese

  • 1Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.

Plos Genetics
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for plant development, controlling epigenetic marks like H3K27me3. In Arabidopsis, FIE mutants reveal PRC2

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Epigenetics
  • Chromatin Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes H3K27me3, a key epigenetic mark regulating gene expression.
  • PRC2's role in early plant development, particularly beyond endosperm formation, remains largely uncharacterized.
  • FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) is the sole Arabidopsis homolog of PRC2 core components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of PRC2 in Arabidopsis development, focusing on its role beyond endosperm.
  • To determine the necessity of PRC2 for H3K27me3 deposition and its impact on gene regulation in plants.
  • To elucidate PRC2's contribution to developmental phase transitions in Arabidopsis.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of viable homozygous fie mutant Arabidopsis.
  • Genome-wide analysis of H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 deposition.
  • Transcriptional profiling of PRC2 target genes in fie mutants.

Main Results:

  • Absence of genome-wide H3K27me3 deposition in fie mutants, confirming PRC2's essential role in H3K27me3 establishment in plants.
  • fie mutants exhibit severe seed dormancy and germination defects, indicating a failure to terminate embryonic phase.
  • Seedlings display aberrant generative development and form neoplastic structures, with altered expression of PRC2 target genes.

Conclusions:

  • PRC2, via FIE, is essential for terminating embryonic phase and ensuring proper developmental transitions in Arabidopsis.
  • PRC2-mediated epigenetic regulation is a robust system controlling plant developmental phase transitions, including from embryonic to seedling stages.
  • Unlike in animals, PRC2 is not essential for initial body plan formation but critical for subsequent developmental progression.