Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Topical vascular organoid therapy promotes microvascular regeneration and functional recovery in porcine ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Stem cell reports·2026
Same author

Intramyocellular Lipid Reduction During Hindlimb Unloading Assessed by In Vivo <sup>1</sup>H-MRS.

NMR in biomedicine·2026
Same author

Hydrorelease Within the Paraneural Sheath: A Cadaveric Study.

Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporal dynamics and ossification of podoplanin-positive cells in the developing femur.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

In vivo growing leporine model of pulmonary artery banding induces inflammation and vascular remodeling via pathways conserved across species.

JTCVS open·2026
Same author

[Next-Generation Radiological Technology and Science through Global Collaboration].

Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai zasshi·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Correlation between T2 relaxation time and intervertebral disk degeneration.

Hiroyuki Takashima1, Tsuneo Takebayashi, Mitsunori Yoshimoto

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan. takashima@sapmed.ac.jp

Skeletal Radiology
|March 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance T2 mapping quantifies intervertebral disk water content. T2 values decrease with degeneration, aiding in assessing degenerative disk disease progression.

More Related Videos

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
06:03

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
06:03

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance T2 mapping quantifies tissue water and proteoglycan content.
  • It aids in detecting early cartilage abnormalities and monitoring therapeutic responses.
  • Intervertebral disk degeneration is a common condition affecting spinal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize T2 mapping to quantify intervertebral disk water content.
  • To correlate T2 values with the Pfirrmann classification of disk degeneration.

Main Methods:

  • 60 subjects underwent lumbar MRI, totaling 300 intervertebral disks.
  • Disk degeneration was graded (I-V) using the Pfirrmann classification on T2-weighted images.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined cut-off values for T2 measurements.

Main Results:

  • T2 values in the nucleus pulposus decreased with increasing Pfirrmann grade (I-IV).
  • Significant differences in T2 values were observed between grades I and IV.
  • No significant T2 value differences were found in the anterior or posterior annulus fibrosus.

Conclusions:

  • Decreasing T2 values in the nucleus pulposus correlate with increased Pfirrmann grade, indicating reduced water and proteoglycan content.
  • T2 value measurements offer a potential tool for clinical research in degenerative disk diseases.
  • T2 mapping provides quantitative insights into intervertebral disk health and degeneration.