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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Published on: December 7, 2018

Developmental comorbidity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Regina Taurines1, Jochen Schmitt, Tobias Renner

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany. taurines@kjp.uni-wuerzburg.de

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
|March 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with other conditions. Understanding age-dependent comorbidity is crucial for ADHD management and treatment strategies.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with comorbid conditions.
  • These comorbidities significantly impair daily functioning and psychosocial well-being in individuals with ADHD.
  • The concept of developmental epidemiology and developmental comorbidity is essential for understanding ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of age- and development-dependent comorbidity in ADHD.
  • To outline distinct trajectories of symptom progression in ADHD and its impact on outcomes.
  • To introduce and discuss the concepts of developmental epidemiology and developmental comorbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ADHD comorbidity.
  • Introduction of "developmental epidemiology" and "developmental comorbidity" concepts.
  • Categorization of comorbidities based on temporal occurrence: pre-comorbidity, simultaneous comorbidity, and post-comorbidity.

Main Results:

  • The majority of individuals with ADHD experience psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidities.
  • Comorbidities manifest at different stages: before ADHD onset (pre-comorbidity), concurrently (simultaneous), and after ADHD onset (post-comorbidity).
  • Examples include temperament factors, sleep disturbances, autism spectrum disorders, atopic eczema, enuresis, encopresis, developmental dyslexia, tic disorders, depression, anxiety, OCD, bipolar disorder, conduct and substance use disorders, obesity, and personality disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Age-dependent comorbidity is a critical factor in ADHD course and outcome.
  • Understanding the heterogeneity and temporal nature of comorbidity is vital.
  • Longitudinal data are needed to refine ADHD classification, genetic studies, and treatment strategies.