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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Psychogenic parkinsonism.

Mark Hallett1

  • 1Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, NIH, Bldg. 10, Rm. 7D37, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD 20892-1428, USA. hallettm@ninds.nih.gov

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychogenic parkinsonism mimics organic Parkinson's disease in 10% of patients with psychogenic movement disorders. Clinical and neurophysiological tests, including dopamine transporter scans, aid diagnosis. Some patients may have both conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Psychogenic parkinsonism is a subtype of psychogenic movement disorder, accounting for approximately 10% of cases.
  • Patients can exhibit a wide range of symptoms that overlap with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical clues associated with psychogenic parkinsonism.
  • To discuss the utility of diagnostic tools in differentiating psychogenic parkinsonism from organic Parkinson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of psychogenic parkinsonism.
  • Discussion of diagnostic aids including clinical neurophysiology and dopamine transporter (DAT) scanning.

Main Results:

  • Psychogenic parkinsonism can present with any or all features of organic Parkinson's disease.
  • Clinical neurophysiology and DAT scanning can assist in diagnosis.
  • Co-occurrence of organic Parkinson's disease and psychogenic parkinsonism is possible, potentially representing psychological aggravation.

Conclusions:

  • Psychogenic parkinsonism is a distinct entity that requires careful clinical evaluation.
  • A combination of clinical assessment and diagnostic testing is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • The possibility of coexisting organic and psychogenic conditions should be considered in complex cases.