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Related Concept Videos

Contingency Table01:29

Contingency Table

A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

Introduction to Test of Independence

In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
Bootstrapping01:24

Bootstrapping

The term "bootstrap" originated in the 19th century as a metaphor for self-improvement or achieving something independently, without external assistance. This concept extends to statistical bootstrapping, a self-contained method for estimating population parameters through resampling, even though it can be computationally intensive. Developed by the American statistician Dr. Bradley Efron in 1979, bootstrapping provides a robust way to perform inference when the original sample size is small or...
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence01:16

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
Survival Tree01:19

Survival Tree

Survival trees are a non-parametric method used in survival analysis to model the relationship between a set of covariates and the time until an event of interest occurs, often referred to as the "time-to-event" or "survival time." This method is particularly useful when dealing with censored data, where the event has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period, or when the exact time of the event is unknown.
 Building a Survival Tree
Constructing a survival tree begins...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

On the efficiency of bootstrap method into the analysis contingency table.

Saeid Amiri1, Dietrich von Rosen

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University, PO Box 480, 751 06 Uppsala, Sweden. saeid.amiri1@gmail.com

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonparametric bootstrap tests improve contingency table analysis. These computer-intensive methods offer better performance than standard tests for categorical data, enhancing statistical inference.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Statistics
  • Data Analysis

Background:

  • Contingency table analysis is crucial in applied fields.
  • Nonparametric inference often relies on computer-intensive methods like the bootstrap.
  • Existing research on bootstrap methods for contingency tables is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application and efficacy of nonparametric bootstrap tests for analyzing contingency tables.
  • To address the limitations of discrete p-values in standard contingency table tests.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the bootstrap method for nonparametric inference.
  • Developing and applying bootstrap versions of standard contingency table tests.
  • Employing Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate test properties.

Main Results:

  • Bootstrap versions of contingency table tests demonstrate superior performance compared to standard tests.
  • The proposed bootstrap tests provide more reliable p-values under the null hypothesis.
  • Simulations confirm the effectiveness and properties of the developed bootstrap tests.

Conclusions:

  • Nonparametric bootstrap tests offer an improved approach for categorical data analysis, particularly for contingency tables.
  • The study highlights the advantages of bootstrap methods in overcoming limitations of traditional statistical tests.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the full potential of these methods in various applied settings.