Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
07:43
Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies
Published on: October 18, 2018
Gastritis: the histology report
Massimo Rugge1, Gianmaria Pennelli, Emanuela Pilozzi
1Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences & Special Therapies, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. massimo.rugge@unipd.it
Summary
This tutorial introduces the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) Staging System to standardize gastritis histology reports. It links gastritis phenotypes to gastric cancer risk, aiding early detection and management.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pathology
- Oncology
Background:
- Gastritis, inflammation of the gastric mucosa, presents as non-atrophic or atrophic forms.
- Atrophic gastritis, often linked to Helicobacter pylori infection, is a significant risk factor for gastric cancer.
- Current histology reporting lacks direct correlation between gastritis phenotype and malignancy risk.
Framework:
- The Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) Staging System classifies gastritis based on histological phenotypes.
- This system categorizes gastritis into stages (0-IV) reflecting progressively increasing gastric cancer risk.
- The OLGA system aims to standardize reporting for improved clinical utility.
Implementation:
- Standardizing histology reports for gastritis is crucial for clinical practice.
- The OLGA Staging System provides a structured approach to gastritis assessment.
- This tutorial offers guidance on implementing standardized reporting for gastritis.
Implications:
- Standardized reporting facilitates a clear link between gastritis phenotype and cancer risk.
- Early identification of high-risk gastritis can improve patient outcomes.
- The OLGA system supports more precise risk stratification and patient management.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types
Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
01:17Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
01:26Gastritis II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
01:26Stomach Histology
The stomach comprises several layers that work together to facilitate digestion and protect the organ. The outermost layer is called the serosa, which provides support and protection to the stomach. The muscularis externa layer is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food by contracting and moving the stomach. The submucosa layer, located beneath the muscularis externa, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands that secrete mucus and other substances essential for...
01:20Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
The GI tract, from beginning to end, is made up of four continuous tissue layers that adjust their structure according to their specific roles. These layers, from innermost to outermost, are known as the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, which are continuous with the mesentery.
The mucosa is sometimes called a mucous membrane due to its mucus-secreting features. This membrane is composed of epithelium, which directly interacts with ingested substances, and the lamina propria, a layer...
The mucosa is sometimes called a mucous membrane due to its mucus-secreting features. This membrane is composed of epithelium, which directly interacts with ingested substances, and the lamina propria, a layer...
01:23Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management
The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...