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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification

Published on: August 6, 2015

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Nadia Shaikh¹, Fehmina Arif

¹Paediatric Unit-I, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

|April 7, 2011

Summary

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder causing bone to form in muscles and connective tissues. Prompt genetic counseling is crucial for families due to its autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.

Area of Science:

Genetics
Rheumatology
Orthopedics

Background:

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder.
Characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification and malformed great toes.

Observation:

Patients exhibit progressive joint immobilization from childhood into adulthood.
Associated features include short thumbs, clinodactyly, and cervical vertebral malformations.

Findings:

Extensive extra-skeletal enchondral bone formation leads to severe disability.
No effective prevention or cure currently exists for FOP.

Implications:

Highlights the need for genetic counseling in affected families.
Acknowledges the occurrence of sporadic FOP cases, emphasizing broader genetic awareness.

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