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Unfolding the sulcus.

Evan Hohlfeld1, L Mahadevan

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This summary is machine-generated.

Sulci formation is a continuous, scale-free instability in soft materials. This nonlinear process involves critical strains for nucleation and shrinking, confirmed by experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Sulci are localized furrows on soft material surfaces.
  • Their formation is driven by compression-induced instabilities.
  • Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for material design and failure analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the underlying instability driving sulci formation.
  • To compute a limiting bifurcation diagram for sulcification.
  • To characterize sulcification as a continuous, scale-free nonlinear instability.

Main Methods:

  • Breaking natural scale and translation invariance to study the instability.
  • Computing a limiting bifurcation diagram for sulcification.
  • Conducting simple experiments to validate theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Sulcification is identified as a scale-free, subcritical nonlinear instability.
  • The process is continuous, occurring in purely elastic continua.
  • Two critical strains (upper for nucleation, lower for shrinking) were identified and experimentally confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Sulcification is a structurally stable process, even with vanishing surface energy.
  • The instability is characterized by an essential singularity during nucleation.
  • The system exhibits nonlinear instability between critical strains, without an energy barrier.