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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
Published on: November 12, 2014
Assessing models of optimal diving
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, UK. a.i.houston@bristol.ac.uk
Abstract:
Many birds and mammals forage under water and have to return to the surface to breathe. Models of optimal diving attempt to explain the behaviour of such animals in terms of selection for successful foraging given the constraints imposed by physiology. Several recent papers have questioned the accuracy of both the assumptions and the predictions of these models. Here, I provide a critical review of these papers, arguing that they misrepresent both the models and the data. As a result, they focus on inappropriate tests. I use the debate to suggest various new models and to explore the general relationship between theory and data in behavioural ecology. In particular, I consider the merits of qualitative and quantitative predictions.
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