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Related Concept Videos

Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies00:51

Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies

Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species reproduce only once in their lifetime, often investing most available resources into that single reproductive event. Iteroparous species, by contrast, reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes, typically allocating fewer resources to any single...
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...
Habitat Fragmentation02:31

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...

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Foraging Path-length Protocol for Drosophila melanogaster Larvae
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A critical review of risk-sensitive foraging.

Alasdair I Houston1, Tom H Rosenström2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|November 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Risk-sensitive foraging, crucial in behavioral ecology, lacks a unified explanation. Current mechanistic and evolutionary models are unconvincing, highlighting the need for empirical analysis of choice sequences to understand foraging behavior.

Keywords:
Weber's lawenergy budgetreproductive valuerisk averserisk pronestarvation

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neurophysiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Risk-sensitive foraging is defined by choices considering return variability and mean.
  • It is a key concept in behavioral ecology, psychology, and neurophysiology.
  • Existing explanations focus on mechanistic and evolutionary advantages.

Conclusions:

  • Current mechanistic and evolutionary explanations for risk-sensitive foraging are not fully convincing.
  • Empirical analysis of choice sequences in controlled settings is a promising research direction.
  • Further investigation into choice sequences is needed to map the merits of existing theories.