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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

Otitis media with effusion in children.

Ian Williamson1

  • 1The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|April 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review evaluates interventions for preventing and treating otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. It found limited evidence on effectiveness and safety for various treatments, highlighting the need for further research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Otolaryngology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) affects up to 80% of children by age 4.
  • While many cases resolve spontaneously, complications can arise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review interventions for preventing OME in children.
  • To assess the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological, mechanical, and surgical treatments for OME.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature up to March 2010.
  • Inclusion of one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial (RCT).
  • GRADE evaluation of evidence quality and inclusion of harms alerts.

Main Results:

  • One systematic review and one RCT met inclusion criteria.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

  • GRADE evaluation was performed on intervention evidence quality.

    • Conclusions:

    • Information on effectiveness and safety of interventions including adenoidectomy, antibiotics, autoinflation, and ventilation tubes is presented.
    • This review synthesizes evidence for various OME treatments.