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Profiles of smokers and non-smokers with type 2 diabetes: initial visit at a diabetes education centers
Enza Gucciardi1, Rebecca Mathew, Margaret Demelo
1Ryerson University, School of Nutrition, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3. egucciar@ryerson.ca
Aims:
This study explores differences in psychosocial, behavioral and clinical characteristics among smoking and non-smoking individuals with diabetes attending diabetes education centers (DEC).
Methods:
A questionnaire was administered to 275 individuals with type 2 diabetes attending two DECs between October 2003 and 2005. The participants' characteristics were analyzed and multivariable linear and ordinal regressions were performed to adjust for variables correlated with smoking.
Results:
Findings revealed that smokers, compared to non-smokers, had lower outcome expectations of the benefits of self-management, lower diastolic blood pressure, and followed their recommended diet and tested blood glucose levels less often than non-smokers. Smokers also had lower intentions to use resources outside and within the DEC.
Conclusions:
Results demonstrate poorer self-care behaviors among smokers compared to non-smokers and further suggest cognitive and behavioral differences between smokers and non-smokers regarding participation and attitudes toward self-management practices. These findings identify issues that need to be addressed in diabetes self-management programs to allow for more effective interventions tailored to the healthcare needs of this specific population.
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