Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
08:30
Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226
Published on: May 10, 2022
CD46 in innate and adaptive immunity: an update.
J Cardone1, G Le Friec, C Kemper
1MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|April 15, 2011
Summary
CD46, a complement system protein, regulates immune responses. It prevents self-attack and modulates T helper 1 (Th1) cells, impacting pathogen entry and Th1-mediated diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Complement System Biology
- Cellular Immunology
Background:
- CD46 (C3b/C4b-binding protein) discovered in 1986.
- Ubiquitous expression and role in complement regulation (C3b/C4b cleavage).
- CD46 deficiency linked to complement-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- Summarize current knowledge on CD46.
- Discuss CD46's expanding roles in the immune system.
- Highlight CD46's newly discovered immunomodulatory functions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on CD46.
- Analysis of CD46's function in complement regulation.
- Examination of CD46's role in T helper 1 (Th1) cell responses.
Main Results:
- CD46 acts as a cofactor for Factor I in C3b and C4b cleavage.
- CD46 deficiency predisposes to complement-mediated 'self-attack' diseases.
- CD46 modulates Th1 responses by regulating Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production.
Conclusions:
- CD46 is crucial for preventing complement deposition on host tissues.
- CD46's role in down-modulating Th1 immune responses is a significant discovery.
- Understanding CD46's functions has implications for pathogen interactions and Th1-mediated diseases, suggesting novel therapeutic targets.
Related Concept Videos
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Overview
01:24B Cell Activation and Differentiation
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
01:26Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
01:22T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...