Intracytoplasmic enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with aggressive periodontitis

Biochemical parameters of crevicular fluid could provide evidence of periodontal tissue disease. The aim of this study was to analyze enzymes in crevicular fluid in aggressive localized and generalized periodontitis.

One hundred and twenty-four subjects were classified as having localized (n = 36) or generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 38) and subclassified into moderate and severe groups. Controls were 50 periodontitis-free subjects. Activities of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil elastase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.

Among the subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis, values of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase increased notably in moderate and severe periodontitis compared with control subjects. Values for aspartate aminotransferase increased with the severity of the disease, and neutrophil elastase was increased in the moderate and severe states. In generalized aggressive periodontitis, lactate dehydrogenase showed higher values than in control subjects in both periodontal subgroups. Alkaline phosphatase and neutrophil elastase showed higher significant differences between moderate and severe periodontitis compared with the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase showed differences between the severe and moderate periodontitis groups compared with the control group. Of all the enzymes analyzed, only lactate dehydrogenase showed higher values in localized than in generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Lactate dehydrogenase may distinguish localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis. Alkaline phosphatase increases from moderate to severe states in both types of periodontitis. Aspartate aminotransferase and neutrophil elastase only increase with strong evidence of periodontal destruction.