Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
Several...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Limb Salvage in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-Complicated Necrotic Loxoscelism Through Lifotronic® Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Wolfe-McGregor Reconstruction.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Modeling neurodegeneration in the retina and strategies for developing pan-neurodegenerative therapies.

Molecular neurodegeneration·2025
Same author

TGFα controls checkpoints in CNS resident and infiltrating immune cells to promote resolution of inflammation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Open Electrochemical Liquid Phase Epitaxial Growth of Crystalline Ge Films.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Permethrin exposure primes neuroinflammatory stress response to drive depression-like behavior through microglial activation in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2024
Same author

Accuracy of serum neurofilament light to identify contrast-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2023
Same journal

Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in the naïve T Cell Receptor Repertoire.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Macrophage Plasticity and Immune Remodeling in Ischemic Heart Failure.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

The T Cell Receptor: Molecular Sensor, Therapeutic Mediator and Probabilistic Driver of Adaptive Immunity.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Heart: An Emerging Role in Chronic Inflammation.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Rethinking Immunity in Tissues: The Biology of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Inflammation-Driven Lymphoid Structures: Organization, Function, and Clinical Impact Across Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Checkpoint Toxicity.

Immunological reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Oral tolerance.

Howard L Weiner1, Andre Pires da Cunha, Francisco Quintana

  • 1Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. hweiner@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

Immunological Reviews
|April 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal tolerance, particularly through regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction, offers a promising non-toxic approach for treating autoimmune diseases. Enhancing Treg induction is key for clinical translation.

More Related Videos

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
16:26

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
16:26

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the largest immune organ, crucial for antigen exposure and immune tolerance.
  • Gut immunity is influenced by epithelial cells, gut flora, and antigen dose, which dictate tolerance pathways like anergy or regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction.
  • Specific dendritic cell subsets conditioned by the gut environment induce Tregs, essential for mucosal immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of tolerance induction in the gut and at mucosal surfaces.
  • To review the role of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in ameliorating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
  • To discuss the potential and challenges of translating mucosal tolerance strategies into clinical practice for autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on gut immunity, tolerance induction, and Treg subsets (Th3, Tr1, iTregs).
  • Analysis of studies using oral or nasal antigen administration and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in animal models of autoimmune diseases.
  • Examination of factors influencing Treg induction, including antigen dose, dendritic cell conditioning, and immune adjuvants.

Main Results:

  • Low-dose antigen feeding induces Tregs, while high-dose leads to anergy/deletion.
  • Oral or nasal administration of antigens or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody effectively suppresses various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions in animal models by inducing Tregs.
  • Oral anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody has shown promise in inducing LAP(+) Tregs and is under investigation in human trials.

Conclusions:

  • Mucosal tolerance, via Treg induction, represents a non-toxic, physiological strategy for treating autoimmunity.
  • Successful clinical translation requires identifying responsive patient groups, validating biomarkers, and optimizing Treg induction through combination therapies.
  • Further research into enhancing Treg induction is crucial for harnessing the therapeutic potential of mucosal tolerance.