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Related Concept Videos

Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa
04:46

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Published on: September 3, 2012

Genital herpes.

Lisa M Hollier1, Heather Straub

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates interventions for genital herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2), a common STD. It covers prevention, treatment, and management strategies for various patient groups, including pregnant women and those with HIV.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), is a prevalent sexually transmitted disease.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics and effective management is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing sexual transmission of genital herpes.
  • To assess interventions for preventing mother-to-neonate transmission of HSV.
  • To evaluate antiviral treatment efficacy for first-episode genital herpes and management of recurrent outbreaks.
  • To examine treatments for individuals with genital herpes co-infected with HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 35 studies, including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies.
  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to January 2010.
  • Included safety data from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA) and performed GRADE evaluations for evidence quality.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesizes evidence on a range of interventions for genital herpes management.
  • Identified interventions include antivirals, caesarean delivery, condoms, psychotherapy, vaccines, serological screening, and counseling.
  • Evidence quality was assessed using the GRADE framework.

Conclusions:

  • The systematic review provides comprehensive information on the effectiveness and safety of various genital herpes interventions.
  • Findings support informed clinical decision-making for preventing transmission and managing herpes simplex virus infections.
  • Highlights the importance of a multi-faceted approach including medical and behavioral interventions.