Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
(E)-4-[2-(4-Eth-oxy-phen-yl)ethen-yl]-1-methyl-pyridinium 4-bromo-benzene-sulfonate methanol hemisolvate
Abstract:
In the title compound, C(16)H(18)NO(+)·C(6)H(4)BrO(3)S(-)·0.5CH(3)OH, the cation exists in the E configuration and the whole mol-ecule of the cation, except for the O atom of the eth-oxy group, is disordered with a site-occupancy ratio of 0.695 (5):0.305 (5). The cation is disordered in such a way that the ethenyl units of the major and minor components are related by 180° around the long mol-ecular axis. In the major component, the cation is almost planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridinium and benzene rings being 0.8 (3)°, whereas in the minor component, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 4.2 (6)°. In the crystal, the cations are stacked in an anti-parallel manner along the a axis, while the anions and methanol mol-ecules are linked through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and Br⋯O short contacts [3.0248 (13) Å] into a tape along the same direction. The three components are further linked by weak C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Br and C-H⋯π inter-actions.
Related Concept Videos
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Crown Ethers
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

