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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
04:08

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Published on: April 5, 2024

Carpal tunnel syndrome.

Kim Edward LeBlanc1, Wayne Cestia

  • 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, 70112, USA. klebla@lsuhsc.edu

American Family Physician
|April 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carpal tunnel syndrome, a common nerve issue, causes pain and numbness. Treatments vary by severity, with surgery offering similar long-term outcomes for moderate to severe cases.

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Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
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Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Published on: January 11, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Published on: April 5, 2024

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
06:40

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Published on: January 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most prevalent entrapment neuropathy, impacting 3-6% of adults.
  • Causes include trauma, repetitive actions, certain diseases, and pregnancy, leading to median nerve compression.
  • Symptoms manifest as pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic methods for carpal tunnel syndrome.
  • To outline treatment strategies based on disease severity.
  • To compare the long-term outcomes of surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Physical examination findings (e.g., hypalgesia, square wrist sign) aid diagnosis.
  • Nerve conduction studies and electromyography quantify severity and resolve uncertainty.
  • Review of conservative and surgical treatment options for CTS.

Main Results:

  • Conservative treatment (6 weeks to 3 months) is suitable for mild CTS.
  • Wrist splints and oral corticosteroids are first-line therapies; injections for refractory cases.
  • Non-surgical treatments offer short-term relief with limited long-term benefits.
  • Open and endoscopic surgery show comparable five-year outcomes for moderate to severe CTS.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical findings and electrodiagnostic studies.
  • Treatment selection depends on CTS severity, with surgery for moderate to severe cases.
  • Both surgical approaches provide similar long-term efficacy.