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Related Concept Videos

Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Vagina01:26

Vagina

The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Vaginitis.

Barry L Hainer1, Maria V Gibson

  • 1Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. hainerbl@musc.edu

American Family Physician
|April 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis are diagnosed using specific criteria and treated effectively with antibiotics or antifungals. Accurate diagnosis aids in appropriate treatment for infectious vaginitis.

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Modeling Healthy and Dysbiotic Vaginal Microenvironments in a Human Vagina-on-a-Chip
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Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis
07:57

Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis

Published on: December 8, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Modeling Healthy and Dysbiotic Vaginal Microenvironments in a Human Vagina-on-a-Chip
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Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis
07:57

Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis

Published on: December 8, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Vaginitis is frequently caused by bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
  • Bacterial vaginosis involves an imbalance of vaginal bacteria, often diagnosed via Amsel criteria.
  • Trichomoniasis and candidiasis present with varied symptoms, requiring microscopic or clinical diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common infectious causes of vaginitis.
  • To outline diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
  • To summarize effective treatment strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria including Amsel criteria, microscopy, and pH testing.
  • Summary of treatment options such as oral/topical clindamycin, metronidazole, and antifungals.
  • Mention of point-of-care tests and non-infectious causes like atrophic vaginitis.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis are common and treatable.
  • Oral and topical antibiotics (clindamycin, metronidazole) are effective for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.
  • Antifungals are effective for vulvovaginal candidiasis; estrogen therapy for atrophic vaginitis.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of infectious vaginitis is crucial for effective management.
  • Various antimicrobial and antifungal agents provide successful treatment outcomes.
  • Point-of-care testing can improve diagnostic accuracy for vaginitis.