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Updated: Jun 2, 2026
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Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI
Published on: July 12, 2012
Manganese accumulation in the CNS and associated pathologies
Susana Rivera-Mancía1, Camilo Ríos, Sergio Montes
1Neurochemistry Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery 'Manuel Velasco Suárez', Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.
Summary
Manganese (Mn) is essential but toxic in excess, affecting the central nervous system (CNS). This review explores Mn transport, toxicity, and links to manganism and liver disease, seeking better treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Toxicology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Manganese (Mn) is vital for CNS enzymes, aiding functions like antioxidant defense and metabolism.
- Mn transport mechanisms are partly understood, sharing pathways with iron, and CNS accumulation poses toxicity risks.
- Exposure occurs occupationally, via parental nutrition, or liver failure, leading to manganism and hepatic encephalopathy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review manganese transport mechanisms in the CNS.
- To elucidate Mn's role in manganism and hepatic encephalopathy.
- To discuss therapeutic strategies for Mn toxicity and long-term effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Mn transport, toxicity, and associated pathologies.
- Analysis of Mn's impact on CNS, including oxidative stress and neurotransmitter alterations.
- Comparison of manganism and Parkinson's disease characteristics.
Main Results:
- Mn accumulation in the CNS can cause motor and psychiatric disturbances.
- The dopaminergic system is particularly affected by Mn toxicity.
- Manganism and Parkinson's disease share some symptoms but have distinct features.
Conclusions:
- Understanding Mn transport is crucial for managing toxicity.
- Therapeutic strategies are needed to reduce Mn levels and treat long-term effects.
- A low-Mn diet may benefit patients with chronic liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy.
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