Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Published on: June 28, 2018
Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score to diagnose ventilator-associated pneumonia in children
1Department of Pediatrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 110 060, India. anilcriticare@hotmail.com
Background:
There is a need to validate and suggest easy clinical method for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in developing countries.
Objectives:
To validate the use of simplified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) for the diagnosis of VAP.
Design:
Prospective study.
Setting:
Pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Subjects:
30 children receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours and with simplified CPIS=6.
Methods:
All patients underwent flexible bronchoscopy to obtain bronchoalveolar lavage which was analyzed quantitatively. Colony count = 10(4) cfu/mL was considered reference standard for definite VAP.
Results:
Of the five variables used for simplified CPIS, only patients temperature (P=0.013) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were significant (P<0.001) to differentiate the presence of definite VAP. Patients with definite VAP (BAL colony count = 10(4) cfu/mL) had CPIS of 8.4 while in no definite VAP group it was 6.4 (P=0.007). CPIS of 8 was found to have sensitivity of 80%, specificity 80%, PPV 86.9%, NPV 70.5% and accuracy 80%. The area under Receiver operating characteristic curve of CPIS against reference standard was 0.81± 0.069 (P=0.001).
Conclusion:
Simplified CPIS is useful in patients on mechanical ventilation to diagnose ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
01:20Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.