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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
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L-amphetamine improves memory in MS patients with objective memory impairment.

James F Sumowski1, Nancy Chiaravalloti, David Erlanger

  • 1Kessler Foundation Research Center, West Orange, NJ 07052, USA. jsumowski@kesslerfoundation.org

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|May 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

L-amphetamine significantly improved auditory/verbal and visual/spatial memory in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This memory enhancement was specific to individuals with existing memory impairments at the study

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Memory impairment is a common and debilitating symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Currently, no approved pharmaceutical treatments specifically target memory deficits in MS patients.
  • This study addresses the unmet need for effective memory-enhancing therapies in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of l-amphetamine in improving auditory/verbal and visual/spatial memory.
  • To compare the effects of l-amphetamine versus placebo in MS patients.
  • To determine if treatment effects differ between MS patients with and without baseline memory impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  • Participants received either 30 mg of l-amphetamine or placebo for four weeks.
  • Auditory/verbal (CVLT-II) and visual/spatial (BVMT-R) memory were assessed at baseline and follow-up in patients categorized by baseline memory status (intact vs. impaired).

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction effect was observed for both memory types, indicating l-amphetamine's superior efficacy over placebo.
  • The memory improvement associated with l-amphetamine was statistically significant.
  • This beneficial effect was exclusive to MS patients who exhibited memory impairment at the study's commencement.

Conclusions:

  • L-amphetamine demonstrated substantial memory improvement in MS patients with baseline memory deficits.
  • Memory-impaired MS patients treated with l-amphetamine experienced approximately 48.5% improvement, compared to only 1.0% with placebo.
  • L-amphetamine represents a promising therapeutic option for addressing memory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.