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Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Simple Staining Technique01:24

Simple Staining Technique

OverviewStaining techniques in microscopy enhance the visualization of microorganisms by increasing contrast and allowing the differentiation of cellular structures. Simple staining is one of the fundamental methods used to observe the basic morphological characteristics of microorganisms, including their size, shape, and arrangement. This method relies on the application of a single dye to stain the entire cell, producing a clear contrast between the cell and the background.FixationFixation is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model
06:28

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Published on: January 6, 2011

Not just a 'simple stroke'.

Wendy Russell1, William Taylor, Gautamanada Ray

  • 1MBChB(Ed), MRCP. StR4 in General Internal Medicine (Acute). Monklands Hospital. Monkscourt Avenue, Airdrie, ML6 0JS. wends@doctors.org.uk

Acute Medicine
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of Streptococcus milleri causing brain and lung abscesses due to thoracic discitis highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis for neurological deficits. Early intervention led to a near-full recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Thoracic discitis is a rare spinal infection that can lead to serious complications.
  • Streptococcus milleri is a commensal bacterium that can cause opportunistic infections.

Observation:

  • A 51-year-old man presented with acute neurological deficits including left arm weakness and slurred speech.
  • Chest X-ray revealed a new cavitating lesion, prompting further investigation.
  • CT scans identified thoracic discitis with contiguous spread to a lung abscess and an intracerebral abscess.

Findings:

  • The patient had a 2-month prodromal illness and back pain preceding the acute neurological symptoms.
  • Urgent craniotomy and evacuation of the Streptococcus milleri abscess were performed.
  • The patient received several weeks of neurosurgical care and antibiotic treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for thoracic discitis to cause severe, disseminated infections, including brain abscesses.
  • Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for favorable outcomes in such complex cases.
  • The findings emphasize the importance of considering infectious etiologies in patients with unexplained neurological deficits and systemic symptoms.