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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion01:09

One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion

Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
The one-compartment model for IV infusion uses mathematical equations to describe the rate of change in drug quantity in the body. At steady-state or infusion equilibrium, the drug input...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Infusion01:15

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Infusion

A two-compartment model is a vital tool in pharmacokinetics, providing an essential understanding of drug behavior, especially for those administered via zero-order intravenous infusion. This model outlines two compartments: the central compartment, where elimination occurs, and the peripheral compartment.
The model illustrates the decrease in plasma drug concentration from the central compartment with a specific equation. It shows that under steady-state conditions, the drug's input rate...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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Catheter delivery systems for infusions into the cortex.

D Poston1, R Raghavan, G T Gillies

  • 1Therataxis LLC, JHU Eastern Complex, 1101 E. 33rd Street, Suite B305, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new devices for brain drug delivery, creating surface-contoured distributions (SCD) for treating brain diseases. Early tests in ex vivo brain tissue successfully covered large cortical areas, paving the way for future therapeutic applications.

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Construction and Implantation of a Microinfusion System for Sustained Delivery of Neuroactive Agents.

Published on: March 17, 2008

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Treating serious brain diseases requires effective intraparenchymal delivery of therapeutic agents.
  • Current methods may not efficiently cover large areas of the cerebral cortex.
  • A need exists for novel delivery systems to achieve widespread distribution within the brain parenchyma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the need for large-area coverage in the brain parenchyma.
  • To introduce the concept of 'surface-contoured distributions' (SCD) for therapeutic infusion.
  • To present device designs and preliminary experimental results for achieving SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Design and prototyping of two novel infusion devices.
  • Experimental testing of device prototypes using ex vivo mammalian brain tissue.
  • Histological analysis of brain tissue to assess the distribution of infused agents.

Main Results:

  • The developed devices are suitable for achieving surface-contoured distributions (SCD).
  • Preliminary studies demonstrated successful coverage of large surface areas on the cerebral cortex in ex vivo models.
  • Histological examination confirmed the desired large-area coverage.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a viable approach for achieving widespread therapeutic agent distribution in the brain.
  • The developed devices show promise for improving intraparenchymal drug delivery for brain diseases.
  • Future work will focus on evaluating the depth of cortical penetration of the infusate.