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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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Published on: June 24, 2018

Crystallization pathways in bone.

Julia Mahamid1, Lia Addadi, Steve Weiner

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. mahamid@biochem.mpg.de

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zebrafish bone formation involves mineral globules in the extracellular matrix, differing from vertebrate matrix vesicle pathways. This study reveals a novel biomineralization process in vertebrates, akin to invertebrates.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization research
  • Cellular ion transport
  • Skeletal tissue development

Background:

  • Biomineralization involves cellular ion transport to deposition sites.
  • Invertebrate pathways often use metastable mineral phases within cells.
  • Vertebrate mineralization typically follows the matrix vesicle pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomineralization process in zebrafish fin bone.
  • To determine the nature and location of mineral phases during bone formation.
  • To compare zebrafish bone formation with known vertebrate and invertebrate pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Cryogenic electron microscopy was used.
  • The study focused on the forming fin bone of zebrafish.
  • Mineral phases within cells and extracellular matrix were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Zebrafish bone cells contain mineral-bearing intracellular vesicles with disordered calcium phosphate.
  • Extracellular, non-membrane-bound globules of disordered calcium phosphate are present in the collagenous matrix.
  • These globules appear to penetrate collagen fibrils and crystallize into mature bone.

Conclusions:

  • Zebrafish bone formation utilizes a pathway involving extracellular mineral globules, not solely the matrix vesicle pathway.
  • This pathway resembles invertebrate biomineralization strategies.
  • The findings suggest a divergence in vertebrate biomineralization mechanisms.