1-Ammonio-naphthalene-2-sulfonate
Ayyaz Mahmood1, Ayoub Rashid, Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
1Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Summary
This study details the zwitterionic compound C(10)H(9)NO(3)S, revealing an intramolecular hydrogen bond forming a planar ring. Intermolecular interactions create a 2D network in its crystal structure.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Supramolecular Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- Zwitterionic compounds exhibit unique chemical properties due to their charge distribution.
- Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in molecular self-assembly and crystal engineering.
- Naphthalene derivatives are widely studied for their diverse applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title zwitterionic compound.
- To investigate the role of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the molecular assembly.
- To characterize the structural features of C(10)H(9)NO(3)S.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks, including intramolecular and intermolecular interactions.
- Geometric analysis of the planar ring system and its orientation relative to the naphthalene core.
Main Results:
- The zwitterionic title compound, C(10)H(9)NO(3)S, features an intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond.
- This interaction leads to the formation of an almost planar six-membered ring with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.0150 Å.
- The planar ring is nearly coplanar with the naphthalene system, with a dihedral angle of 1.63(3)°.
- In the crystal lattice, intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds organize molecules into a two-dimensional network.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully characterized the crystal structure of the zwitterionic compound.
- Intramolecular hydrogen bonding dictates the local conformation, while intermolecular interactions govern the extended crystal packing.
- The findings contribute to understanding structure-property relationships in zwitterionic naphthalene derivatives.
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test
The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
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Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines
The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...
Structure of Amines
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...


