Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
09:14
Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry
Published on: July 20, 2016
Cytosinium-hydrogen maleate-cytosine (1/1/1)
Abstract:
The title organic salt, C(4)H(6)N(3)O(+)·C(4)H(3)O(4) (-)·C(4)H(5)N(3)O, was synthesized from cytosine base and maleic acid. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs in the hydrogen maleate anion. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, giving rise to a nearly planar two-dimensional network parallel to (101).
Related Concept Videos
01:18Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
01:16Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The cytosol is a rich broth of water, ions, salts, and various organic molecules.Protein Folding and MisfoldingThe cytoplasm is the location for several cellular processes, including protein synthesis and folding. The aqueous nature of the cytosol promotes protein folding such that the hydrophobic amino acid side chains are buried in the protein core...
01:18Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments
Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...