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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
06:31

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

Bis(benzohydrazide-κO,N')bis-(nitrato-κO)copper(II).

Elhadj Ibrahima Thiam, Aliou Hamady Barry, Alda Navaza

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a copper(II) compound with benzohydrazide ligands. The copper center exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry, stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

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    [(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Coordination Chemistry
    • Crystal Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Benzohydrazide is a versatile ligand in coordination chemistry.
    • Copper(II) complexes exhibit diverse structural and electronic properties.
    • Understanding hydrogen bonding is crucial for crystal structure design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize a novel copper(II)-benzohydrazide complex.
    • To elucidate the coordination geometry and crystal packing of the compound.
    • To investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in stabilizing the crystal structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
    • Synthesis of the copper(II) complex.
    • Spectroscopic characterization (optional, not explicitly stated but implied for characterization).

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of [Cu(NO3)2(C7H8N2O)2] was determined.
    • The Cu(II) atom adopts an axially distorted octahedral geometry (N2O4 donor set).
    • The crystal lattice is stabilized by intermolecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

    Conclusions:

    • The coordination environment around the copper(II) ion is defined by bidentate benzohydrazide ligands and monodentate nitrate anions.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly and stability of the crystal structure.
    • The study contributes to the understanding of metal-ligand interactions and supramolecular chemistry.