New β₂-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

β-Adrenoceptor agonists are central to the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They contribute both as rescue medications and as controller agents. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines indicate that they are useful at all stages of the disease. Current use of β-adrenoceptor agonists emphasizes the rapidity of their onset of action and the duration of their effect. The development of newer agents seeks to improve these properties. Concern about the side effects of β-adrenoceptor agonists-has limited their use in asthma. In view of their potential for cardiovascular effects and the prevalence of comorbidities in COPD, careful attention needs to be given when using these agents in COPD patients.