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Updated: Jun 1, 2026
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Published on: March 25, 2022
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage under real-time MRI guidance: initial experience in an animal model
Ioannis S Papanikolaou1, Ivo R van der Voort, Jens Rump
1Central Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, Charité University Hospitals Berlin, Campus Virchow Hospital, Berlin, Germany. ispapn@hotmail.com
Aims:
To assess percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) under real-time MRI-guidance and compare it to procedures performed under fluoroscopy.
Methods:
We developed an in vitro model for MRI-guided and conventional PTCD, using an animal organ set including liver and bile ducts placed in an MRI-compatible box and tested it in a 1.0-Tesla open MRI-scanner. Prototype 18G needles and guide wires, standard guide wires, dilatation bougies, and drainages were used (MRI-compatible). MRI-visualization was by means of a bFFE real-time sequence using a surface coil (Flex-L). Outcome measurements were success rates and time needed for bile duct puncture using real-time MRI-guidance versus conventional radiologic methods in the model. Cannulation and drainage placement were also analysed.
Results:
Fifty MRI-guided experiments were performed, leading to rapid (mean: 43s, range: 15-72s) and successful puncture and cannulation in 96% of procedures. Median drainage placement time was 321.5s (range: 241-411s). In 35 control experiments under fluoroscopy, puncture success was 69%, whereas times were significantly longer (mean 273s, range 45-631s).
Conclusions:
Initial in vitro experience shows that PTCD can be successfully and rapidly performed under real-time MRI-guidance and demonstrates improved performance compared to the conventional radiologic approach.